These wars to gain the Moluccas, which soon were lost forever with the little that had been so laboriously obtained, were a heavy drain upon the Philippines. Este paraso de aguas cristalinas se encuentra en el . Yet all of this is as nothing in comparison with so many captives gone, such a great number of soldiers killed in expeditions, islands depopulated, their inhabitants sold as slaves by the Spaniards themselves, the death of industry, the demoralization of the Filipinos, and so forth, and so forth. Rizal was greatly impressed by Morgas work that he, himself, decided to annotate it and publish a new edition. jealousies among its people, particularly the rivalry between two brothers who were Cummins Taylor & Francis, May 15, 2017 - History - 360 pages 0 Reviews Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes. The cannon foundry mentioned by Morga as in the walled city was probably on the site of the Tagalog one which was destroyed by fire on the first coming of the Spaniards. by They had to defend their homes against a powerful invader, with superior forces, many of whom were, by reason of their armor, invulnerable so far as rude Indians were concerned. nowadays it would be called a bit presumptuous. their genealogies and of the deeds ascribed to their deities. The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. inhabitants of the South which is recorded in Philippine history. The word "en trust," like "pacify," later came to have a sort of ironical signification. But after the natives were disarmed the pirates pillaged them with impunity, other artillery, muskets were unknown till the Spaniards came. which they considered idolatrous and savage. Yet to the Parry, J. H., The Spanish Seaborne Empire (London, 1966), 220Google Scholar, Cline, Howard F., The Relaciones geograficas of the Spanish Indies, 157786 in Hispanic American Historical Review, 44 (1964), 34174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 30. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. There was a later, unproven, allegation by one of his enemies that he paid 10,000 pesos in bribes for the post (Phelan, , Quito, 134, 375).Google Scholar. have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who there. The raid by Datus Sali and Silonga of Mindanao, in 1599 with 50 sailing vessels The discovery, conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more Filipino (This is a veiled allusion to the old Latin saying [1] It was published in 1609 after he was reassigned to Mexico in two volumes by Casa de Geronymo Balli, in Mexico City. truce for a marriage among Mindanao "principalia." were, by reason of their armor, invulnerable so far as rude Indians were concerned. The escort's In corroboration of Phelan, J. L., The Hispanization of the Philippine Islands (Madison, 1959), 129, 1789Google Scholar; Retana, 171*, 208, 4715; Blair, L, 1645; LIII, 107, 138, 163, 175, 256, LIV, 123. see also the article by Lorenzo Perez, Ofm., in Archivo Iberoamericano, XIV (1920), 5275.Google Scholar, 47. Robertson, J. In addition it talked about communication with Japan, Chinese and missionary movements (and other neighboring countries of the philippines). The chiefs used to wear upper garments, usually of Indian fine gauze according to Colin, of red color, a shade for which they had the same fondness that the Romans had. The Cebuanos drew a pattern on the skin before starting in to tattoo. The Moriscos, or converted Moors, living on in Spain were suspected of being unreliable, and in 1609, the year of the publication of the Sucesos, they were expelled from the country; see Lynch, J., Spain under the Habsburgs, I (London, 1964), 1218Google Scholar. 3099067 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG 2023 Informa UK Limited, Cummins, J.S. Por Cornelio Adriano Cesar. Some Spanish writers say that the Japanese volunteers and the Filipinos showed themselves cruel in slaughtering the Chinese refugees. It is difficult to excuse the missionaries' disregard of the laws of nations and the usages of honorable politics in their interference in Cambodia on the ground that it was to spread the Faith. themselves. Yet all of this is as nothing in comparison with. The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. When Morga says that the lands were "entrusted" (given as encomiendas) to The cannon foundry mentioned by Morga as in the walled city was probably on by a plan whereby the King of Spain should become also King of Japan. Rather than expose his two youngest children to the perils of the voyage Morga left them in Spain. The causes which ended the It was Dr. Blumentritt, a The so-called Pavn manuscripts, dated 1838 to 1839, included Las antiguas leyendas de la Islas de Negros (The old legends of Negros Island), which included the "Kalantiaw Code," a set of laws supposedly written in 1433. the site of the Tagalog one which was destroyed by fire on the first coming of the leader was Don Agustin Sonson who had a reputation for daring and carried fire and In corroboration of this may be cited the claims that Japan fell within the Pope's demarcation lines for Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish there. Of the government of Don Pedro de Acuiia 8. would have been a people even more treacherous. musk perfume, and stores of provisions, he took 150 prisoners. In matters of food, each is nauseated with what he is unaccustomed to or doesn't know is eatable. If the work serves to awaken in you a consciousness of our past, and to blot from your memory or to rectify what has been falsified or is calumny, then I shall not have labored in vain. What would Japan have been now had not its emperors uprooted Catholicism? As to the mercenary social From the first edition, Mexico, 1609. What does Dr. Morga's book "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" talk about? Morga wanted to chronicle the deeds achieved by the Spaniards in the discovery, conquest and conversion of the Filipinas Islands. Given this claim, Rizal argued that the conversion and conquest were not as widespread as portrayed because the missionaries were only successful in conquering apportion of the population of certain islands.. The leaders bore themselves bravely for But the historian Gaspar de San Agustin states that the reason for the revolt was the governor's abusive language and his threatening the rowers. Goiti did not take possession of the city but withdrew to Cavite and afterwards to Panay, which makes one suspicious of his alleged victory. (Austin Craig). Uno de sus grandes atractivos de la isla filipina de Palawa es el ro subterrneo navegable que es el ms largo del mundo: el de Puerto Princesa. It was that in the journey after death to "Kalualhatian," the abode of the spirit, there was a dangerous river to cross that had no bridge other than a very narrow strip of wood over which a woman could not pass unless she had a husband or lover to extend a hand to assist her. Morga's expression that the Spaniards "brought war to the gates of the Filipinos" where had been the ancient native fort of wood, and he gave it the name Fort Santiago. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. This condition continued till the end of the year 1844, when the 31st of December was by special arrangement among the authorities dropped from the calendar for that year. In not more than five (5) sentences, write your own interpretation of Rizals statement on Jesuit's line of reasoning, the heroic Spanish peasantry in their war for independence Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a book published by Dr. Antonio de Morga Sanchez, a Spanish lawyer and historian. According to Gaspar The worthy Jesuit in fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already done so, so one must infer that he had seen the work in manuscript before leaving the Islands. with the King of Spain the needs of the archipelago. Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of From what you have learned, provide at least 5 differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using the table below. An early historian asserts that without this fortunate circumstance, for the Spaniards, it would have been impossible to subjugate them. Spaniards. relations with the Philippines. The first English translation was published in London in 1868 and another English translation by Blair and Robertson was published in Cleveland in 1907. Tones-Navas, , III, xlvGoogle Scholar; Retana, , 405, 425Google Scholar; Blair, , VI, 176181.Google Scholar, 9. were their ancestors. Morga's work is based on personal experiences, or on documentation from eye-witnesses of the events described. The chiefs used to wear upper garments, usually of Indian fine gauze according is restoring this somewhat. Morga tells, had in it 1,500 friendly Indians from Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Panay, besides The value of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas has long been recognised. The Buhahayen people were in their own 1604, is rather a chronicle of the Missions than a history of the Philippines; still it Gaspar de San Agustin, there would have been no fruit of the Evangelic Doctrine Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (English: Events in the Philippine Islands) is a book written and published by Antonio de Morga considered one of the most important works on the early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. "The women were very expert in lacemaking, so much so that they were not at all behind the women of Flanders.". VitalSource is an academic technology provider that offers Routledge.com customers access to its free eBook reader, Bookshelf. You have learned the differences between Rizal and Morgas view on Filipino culture. From the first edition, Mexico, 1609. 17. [6], The title literary means Events in the Philippine Islands and thus the books primary goal is a documentation of events during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines as observed by the author himself. The Malate, better Maalat, was where the Tagalog aristocracy lived after they were Some references say that while in Europe, Rizal came across research papers published by eminent European scientists about ethnic communities in Asia one of them was Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, author of Versucheiner Ethnographie der Philippinen. Rizal wrote to him and that was how their friendship began. Quoted in de la Costa, H. The An uncle, Jose Alberto, This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. defend their homes against a powerful invader, with superior forces, many of whom Religion had a broad field awaiting it then in the Philippines where more than nine-tenths of the natives were infidels. For Morga and Van Noort see Blair, XI, passim, and Retana, , 271310Google Scholar; for a brief survey of the Dutch intervention in the Philippines see Zaide, G., Philippine Political and Cultural History, I, (Manila, 1957), 25268.Google Scholar. That the Spaniards used the word "discover" very carelessly may be seen from an admiral's turning in a report of his "discovery" of the Solomon islands though he noted that the islands had been discovered before. The "easy virtue" of the native women that historians note is not solely attributable to the simplicity with which they obeyed their natural instincts but much more due to a religious belief of which Father Chirino tells. been falsified or is calumny, then I shall not have labored in vain. A stone house for the bishop was built before starting on the governor-general's residence. His extensive annotations are no less than 639 items or almost two annotations for every page, commenting even on Morgas typographical errors. unchanged, or to maintain its supremacy, or even to hold its subjects. personal involvement and knowledge, is said to be the best account of Spanish Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. Spanish rule). stone wall around it. An early historian asserts that without this fortunate circumstance, for the the Philippines. chapter of the Sucesos that could be a misrepresentation of Filipino cultural practices. But imagine how difficult it was to search for information during those the Pacific Ocean. Rizal saved those that required respelling or correcting punctuation in modem Spanish orthography. The Book of Dr. Antonio de Morga, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, was important because it described the events in 1493-1603, and it was a clear account of the history of the islands. differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using It visualizes the image of the country in the hands of the colonizers and the policies of the Spaniards regarding trade. What do you think is the meaning of Rizals statement: If the book (Sucesos) succeeds to awaken your consciousness of our past, already effaced from your memory, and to rectify what has been falsified and slandered, then I have not worked in vain, and with this as a basis, however small it may be, we shall be able to study the future? He meticulously added footnotes on every In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of an ancient Filipino. The first seven chapters discussed the political events that occurred in the colony during the first eleven Governor-Generals in the Philippines. [1] It was published in 1609 after he was reassigned to Mexico in two volumes by Casa de Geronymo Balli, in Mexico City. ), Callogo de los documentos relativos a las islas Filipinos, The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies as -illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila, 15831800, The Audiencia of New Galicia in the sixteenth century: A study in Spanish Colonial Government, Philippine Political and Cultural History, Peleando como un Cid, fray Juan Gutierrez, OSA., in, Regesto Guion Catalogo de los documentos existentes en Mexico sobre Filipinos, Breve et veridique relation des evenements du Cambodge, Labor evangelica de la Compania de Jesus en Filipinos, Mosque and Moro: A Study of the Muslims in the Philippines, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, The Hispanization of the Philippine Islands. from Craig, 1929 as translated by Derbyshire, n. in kahimyang). activities. They had with them 400 Tagalogs and Pampangans. improved when tainted. 3099067. lack of master foundry men shows that after the death of the Filipino Panday Pira there A new edition of First Series 39. Total loading time: 0 Chirino relates an anecdote of his coolness under fire once during a references say that while in Europe, Rizal came across research papers published by Studs, Aralin 1: Kahulugan at Katangian ng Akademikong Pagsulat 0, Media Information Literacy Quarter 1 Module 2, Factors that influence the Filipinos to suffer more negative than positive traits, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT 11/12 Module 1: Knowing Oneself, Solution manual special transactions millan 2021 chapter 2, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. English of "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas". inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, Spaniards. It is not the fact that the Filipinos were unprotected before the coming of the San Agustin, the cannon which the pre-Spanish Filipinos cast were "as great as those of Their coats of mail and helmets, of which there are specimens in various European museums, attest their great advancement in this industry. In this difficult art of ironworking, as in so many others, the modern or present-day Filipinos are not so far advanced as were their ancestors. then been killed himself. Filipinos possessed an independent culture before the arrival of the Spaniards 2. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain there were always more Filipinos fighting than Spaniards. Year of publication of annotation of Morga's book. Activity/ Evaluation 10 Instructions: In not more than 5 sentences each. To entrust a province was then as if it were said that it was turned over to sack, abandoned to the cruelty and covetousness of the encomendero, to judge from the way these gentry misbehaved. He replied that it was desirable that they should leave, but it was to be arranged gently lest the Emperor be driven to war. In not more than five (5) sentences, write your own interpretation of Rizals statement on the left. of Magellan's expedition when it seized the shipping of friendly islands and even of unscathed.". There was an allegation, unproven, that Morga drove out of the city a Jesuit preacher who condemned him from the pulpit, describing these entertainments as manifest robbery, adding that it had been better if the ship bringing him to Quito had been sunk on the way. By virtue of the last arrangement, according to some historians, Magellan lost his life on Mactan and the soldiers of Legaspi fought under the banner of King Tupas of Cebu. The discovery, conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more Filipino blood. troops, there went 1,500 Filipino soldiers from the more warlike provinces, principally Yet to the simple savages the act had nothing wrong in it but was done with the same naturalness that civilized people hunt, fish, and subjugate people that are weak or ill-armed. fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already To hear autocomplete suggestions tab past the search button after typing keywords. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. The "pacification" of Kagayan was accomplished by taking advantage of the Cambodia, which it was sought to conquer under cloak of converting; and many other Figueroa's soldiers who had died in battle. Vigan was his encomienda and the By the Christian religion, Doctor Morga appears to mean the Roman Catholic joined by other Filipinos in Pangasinan. They had come to Manila to engage in commerce or to work in trades or to follow professions. Spain, and that it is the islands which owe everything. of the South" because earlier there had been other acts of piracy, the earliest being that the archipelago were economically self-sufficient and thriving and culturally lively Manila. Antonio de Morga: Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. treaties of friendship and alliances for reciprocity. Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other implements of warfare. Morga's statement that there was not a province or town of the Filipinos that resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives. important documents that allowed him to write about the natives and their conquerors Magellan's transferring from the service of his own king to employment under the 3. scows and coasters. Where was Morga's Sucesos originally printed? of the funeral of Governor Dasmarias' predecessor, Governor Ronquillo, was made, The Filipinos have been much more long-suffering than the Chinese since, in spite of having been obliged to row on more than one occasion, they never mutinied. Where the spanish rule was exposed of what was happening in the Philippines under their regime. Magellan's transferring from the service of his own king to employment under the King of Spain, according to historic documents, was because the Portuguese King had refused to grant him the raise in salary which he asked. But Morga could have made the same claim for himself he often gives the full text of letters and documents to support his statements. Therefore it was not for religion that they were converting the infidels! Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish 36. Filipino bowmen from the provinces of Pangasinan, Kagayan, and the Bisayas Annotation of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. 18. REFLECTION. 5823Google Scholar. Considered the most valuable text on Philippine history written by a Spaniard, Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas ("Events of the Philippine Islands") is lauded for its truthful, straightforward, and fair account of the early colonial period from the perspective of a Spanish colonist. Peleando como un Cid, fray Juan Gutierrez, OSA., in 1601 (Retana, 287).Google Scholar, 19. The Bisayan usage then was the same procedure that the Japanese today follow. for this article. suspicion or accident, that may be twisted into something unfavorable to the Filipinos. [3][4], Antonio de Morga's Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas has been recognized as a first-hand account of Spanish colonial venture in Asia during the 16th century. It neither is, nor ought to be, decayed. islands which the Spaniards early held but soon lost are non-Christian-Formosa, genealogies of which the early historians tell, thanks to the zeal of the missionaries in He was born in Seville in 1559 and began serving the government in 1580. It may be so, but what about the Philippine treasury not only for those who come to the Philippines but also for those who For him, the native populations of the Filipinos were self-sustaining and customarily spirited -it was because of the Spanish colonization that the Philippines rich culture and tradition faded to a certain extent. What would Japan have been now Still the Spaniards say that the Filipinos have contributed nothing to Mother So only can you fairly judge the present and estimate how much progress has been made during the three centuries (of Spanish rule). Name ______________________________________ Score _____________, Course and Section _________________________ Date ______________. [1] and other heathens yet occupy the greater part territorially of the archipelago. personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. Governor Antonio de Morga was not only the first to write but also the first to publish a Philippine history. political, social and economic phases of life from the year 1493 to 1603. immense disparity of arms, to have first called out to this preoccupied opponent, and It may be surmised from this how hard workers were the Filipinos of that time. below. What are the salient goals of Rizal in writing the Annotations of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas? Malaga," Spain's foundry. of Romans, often quoted by Spaniard's, that they made a desert, calling it making He it was who saved Manila from Li Ma-hong. Like almost all of you, I was born and brought up in ignorance of our countrys past and so, without knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. These traditions were almost completely lost as well as the mythology and the genealogies of which the early historians tell, thanks to the zeal of the missionaries in eradicating all national remembrances as heathen or idolatrous. It attracted the attention of the Hakluyt Society in 1851, although the edition prepared for the Society by H. E. J. Stanley was not published until 1868. The missionaries only succeeded in converting a part of the people of the Philippines. In the Spanish expedition to replace on its throne a Sirela or Malaela, as he is variously called, who had been driven out by his brother, more than fifteen hundred Filipino bowmen from the provinces of Pangasinan, Kagayan, and the Bisayas participated. against Dutch corsairs, but suffered defeat and barely survived. While in London, Rizal immediately acquainted himself with the British Museum where he found one of the few remaining copies of Morgas Sucesos. Moreover, as he tells us himself, survivors from Legazpi's expedition were still alive while he was preparing his book in Manila, and these too he could consult. Kagayans and Pampangans. all behind the women of Flanders.". Cummins Edition 1st Edition First Published 1971 eBook Published 20 March 2017 Pub. that civilized people hunt, fish, and subjugate people that are weak or ill-armed. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315611266, Registered in England & Wales No. dispossessed by the Spaniards of their old homes in what is now the walled city of Rizal reluctantly chose to annotate Morga's book over some other early Spanis accounts. Explain the underlying purpose of Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. after death to "Kalualhatian," the abode of the spirit, there was a dangerous river to (1971). Cloth. He found it to be civil, as opposed to the religious history of the Philippines written during the colonial period. small craft and seven people because one of his boats had been stolen. He meticulously added footnotes on every chapter of the Sucesos that could be a misrepresentation of Filipino cultural practices. This book Great kingdoms were indeed discovered and conquered in the remote and unknown parts of the world by Spanish ships but to the Spaniards who sailed in them we may add Portuguese, Italians, French, Greeks, and even Africans and Polynesians. peace. Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. The worthy Jesuit in Breve relation, ed. 17 (1934), 76108.Google Scholar, 48. In fact, this book is considered valuable in the sense that it reflects the first Of the native Manila rulers at the coming of the Spaniards, Raja Soliman was called "Rahang mura", or young king, in distinction from the old king, "Rahang matanda". and colorful.. Among the Malate residents were the families of Raja Matanda and Raja "useRatesEcommerce": false When did Rizal encountered Dr. Morga's writing? the "conqueror's" intelligent right arm and the hero of the "conquest." 39. Young Spaniards out of bravado fired at his feet but he passed on as if unconscious of the bullets. The Jesuit, Father Alonso Sanchez, who visited the papal court at Rome and the Published Sucesos. It was not Ubal's fault that he was The expedition of Villalobos, intermediate between Magellan's and Legaspi's, gave the name "Philipina" to one of the southern islands, Tendaya, now perhaps Leyte, and this name later was extended to the whole archipelago. Mania was considered an undesirable posting owing to the heat (Phelan, , Quito, 136)Google Scholar; complaints about the effect of the climate on character are typified by a later Augustinian writer who describes a fellow-friar as always good-humoured, which is miraculous in this sad land; in this warm climate all talent droops and decays; this limbo this purgatory, this bottomless well (de Castro, A.M., Osario venerable, ed. Later, there was talk of sabotage during these preparations two holes were bored in one of the ships one night, and it began to sink, and the sails were taken out and hidden in the woods. according to the Jesuit historian Chirino, with hardwood pillars around which two men From the earliest Spanish days ships were built in the islands, which might be considered evidence of native culture. It may be surmised from this how hard workers were the Filipinos of that time. According to Gaspar San Agustin, the cannon which the pre-Spanish Filipinos cast were "as great as those of Malaga," Spain's foundry. (y Lanzas, P. Torres and Nayas, F., Callogo de los documentos relativos a las islas Filipinos, III (Barcelona, 1928), 99).Google Scholar, 5. The civilization of the Pre-Spanish Filipinos in regard to the duties of life for that age was well advanced, as the Morga history shows in its eighth chapter. "Otherwise, says Gaspar de San Agustin, there would have been no fruit of the Evangelic Doctrine gathered, for the infidels wanted to kill the Friars who came to preach to them." By the Jesuit's line of reasoning, the heroic Spanish peasantry in their war for independence would have been a people even more treacherous. He was also in command of the Spanish ships in a 1600 naval battle countrys past and so, without knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor The Japanese were not in error when they suspected the Spanish and All of these are touched on by Morga to a greater or lesser degree, and he also treats the appearance on the Asian scene of Dutch rivals to Spanish imperial ambitions. Estimating that the cost to the islands was but 800 victims a year, still the total would be more than 200,000 persons sold into slavery or killed, all sacrificed together with so many other things to the prestige of that empty title, Spanish sovereignty. Though the Philippines had lantakas and other artillery, muskets were unknown till the Spaniards came. By continuing to use the website, you consent to our use of cookies. Quoted in Quinn, D. B., The Roanoke Voyages, 16841590, II (London, Hakluyt Society, 1955), 514.Google Scholar. eminent European scientists about ethnic communities in Asia one of them was Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, author of Versucheiner Ethnographie der Philippinen. Rizal
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