Manis Manis was a trained orangutan that played Clyde as Clint Eastwood's sidekick in the 1978 box office hit Every Which Way But Loose. Please be respectful of copyright. A road roller is seen in front of a palm oil plantation in Riau province, Sumatra Island, Indonesia. It depends onhigh-quality primary forests, and is less able to tolerate habitat disturbance than Bornean orangutans. Are there any albino orangutans? Clint Eastwood arrived in Manchester today and found his favourite pint of beer in the city. What happened to Clyde in any which way but loose? Here's what life is like for wild orangutans, in photos. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. etc." Googling "Manis, orangutan, Clyde" brings up a few sites, none of which mention the orangutan's demise. It never came to pass but the words Eastwood wrote are available to read. On his right shoulder is Olive Sturges of Ocean Falls, British Columbia, and on his left is Deni Crayne who hails from Minneapolis. That keeps their attention on the trainer.. He or she, but I always knew him as a He, was in bad condition when received at the zoo. A replacement had to be found for Manis the Orangutan, the original Clyde, The others were Pink Cadillac (1989) and The Dead Pool (1988). A new study indicates that the Tapanuli orangutan, already the world's most threatened great ape species, faces a much greater risk of extinction than previously thought. Its 1980 sequel, Any Which Way You Can (1980), did not feature Manis, as the "child actor" had grown too much between productions. Scientists just confirmed a 30-foot void first detected inside the monument years ago. There have been many animals that I have met during my career which have shaped my attitudes to animal welfare and rights issues and have made a profound impact on me and one of these was a Hollywood star orangutan named C.J. At the end of July, International Animal Rescue's orangutan centre in Ketapang received a three year old female orangutan called Manis. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? A mans world? I didnt have a hangover., American actor Clint Eastwood exercising, circa 1960. In the lowland forests in which they reside, orangutans live solitary existences. When pet owners or traffickers surrender orangutans to Indonesian rescue centers, they almost always do so with no consequences. It's hard to find reliable and consistent information, but the impression I was left with is that Eastwood has continued to visit Manis over the years and that it's C.J., who took over the role for the sequel (because Manis was seen as having grown too large) who was killed by his trainer. The wildlife park, a. Sumatran orangutans have lighter fur and are less bulky. The population is fragmented into 13 populations but only 6 of them boast more than 250 animals and are therefore regarded as viable in the long term. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Eastwood in a scene from The Dead Pool (Photo Credit: MovieStillsDB). is said to have been born in the Dallas Zoo and had two trainers, Paul Reynolds and Bill Gage one of which accompanied him when he travelled through Heathrow that day. Send tips, feedback, and story ideas to NGP.WildlifeWatch@natgeo.com. The need to inspect and licence small animal charities. Punkin',' enunciated usually soft-spoken Wallace Swett, president of Primarily Primates, a non-profit facility for unwanted primates and other species in the Texas Hill Country northwest of San Antonio. In fact, I called and e-mailed five trainers who work with chimps or have worked with them in the past, but no one answered my inquiries. Hmm, that doesnt sit right. Along with habitat loss, the intelligent and slow-moving great apes have to deal with poachers and locals who eat them or keep them as pets. Huge tracts of forest have been cleared throughout their range and the land used for agriculture, particularly palm oil plantations. Top 7 what happens after a language comes into contact with another. Top 8 what intermolecular force must be overcome to vaporize water (h2o)? Sounds like Clint takes a no-nonsense approach to finding inner peace. Alright, thats a little dramatic, but even so. This means that every pet orangutan represents two crimes, Sherman saysillegal hunting and trade. They were sentenced to six months in prison and fined 500,000 rupiahs, or about $35. As adults, orangutans are costly and difficult to care for. Here is the quotation from the book by Goodall and Peterson, which makes clear (the incorrect use of title notwithstanding) that all of the claims concern Buddha and not Manis, from pages 145 to 146 of Visions of Caliban: Hope that helps. Happy ending. How old was manis the orangutan when he died? And the chimp cant just get a prescription for Prozac or an hour of talk therapy. It stars Clint Eastwood, Sondra Locke, Geoffrey Lewis, Beverly D'Angelo and Manis The Orangutan. Those surrendering pet orangutans are not necessarily poor people, Nijman says. Eastwood had one last roll of the dice, asking punks if they felt lucky in the fourth Harry movie The Dead Pool. Another orangutan named Manis was an actor who stole the show from Clint Eastwood in the film "Every Which Way But Loose." Clint Eastwood touches Manis the orangutan while he swings from tree branch in a scene from the film 'Every Which Way But Loose', 1978. Goes Out newsletter, with the week's best events, to help you explore and experience our city. Top 7 what innovation did jethro wood add to plows in the 1800s. America finally sees sense. A Department of Agricluture inspector told Swett that the orangutan's living quarters were substandard. Geronimo the alpaca deserved a more dignified end. Other cast members included a loyal buddy, Orville, a swearing granny, two blundering cops, and a gang of wimpy bikers. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. Woody: [running after his gang on foot] Wait for me! But in reality, because orangutans need their mothers for six to nine years, the only way people can get them is if the mothers are killed. Guy gets girl, guy loses girl, guy gets ape. And where orang-utans will be able to survive and thrive. Engaging with timber companies: WWF is working with companies to mitigate the negative impacts of logging and timber plantations on habitats and orangutan populations. Both reproduce and an unflanged male can change to a flanged male for reasons that are not yet fully understood. Ma Boggs: Hospitable my ass. Clyde was a 40-year-old Sumatran orangutan who died while being prepared for surgery for suspected air sacculitis. **It includes biographies of only real humans; thus, the project does not cover other animals or fictitious persons (such as pseudonyms) or fictional characters**." According to Visions of Caliban: On Chimpanzees and People by famed primatologist Jane Goodall and Dale Peterson, the original Clyde was trained with a can of mace and a pipe wrapped in newspaper. 'There is no place for Punkin', and we were asked to take him.'. 2020 WWF - World Wide Fund For Nature 1986 Panda Symbol WWF World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund) WWF is a WWF Registered Trademark Creative Commons license. Her lack of talent in acting is only surpassed by her lack of talent in singing. Information about the life and death of C.J is confused and sketchy and is often muddled with his actor colleagues Manis and Buddha who all played "Clyde" at some stage. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Sumatran orangutan is now restricted to the north of Sumatra. They obtain water not only from fruit, but also from tree holes. Join us as we take a deeper look into the history of Hollywood and discover the surprising truths behind some of the most iconic figures in film history. Most penalties involved less than eight months of jail time, and the maximum sentence imposed was 2.5 years, according to Nijman's research. They all belonged to the animal training company called Gentle Jungle who perhaps did not live up to their name when it came to looking after the animals. But even protected areas are not secure since their boundaries are often not clearly delineated, which makes them difficult to safeguard and patrol. When does spring start? Photograph by ROBERT HARDING, PICTURE LIBRARY. Near the end of filming the sequel Any Which Way You Can, the orangutan was caught stealing doughnuts on the set, brought back to the training, According to Visions of Caliban: On Chimpanzees and People by famed primatologist Jane Goodall and Dale Peterson, the original Clyde was trained with a can of mace and a pipe wrapped in newspaperEvery which way but abuse should be motto Los Angeles Timeswww.latimes.com archives la-xpm-2008-aug-27-et-brief27-storyAbout Featured Snippets, Clyde the orang-utan from 70s Clint Eastwood curio Any Which Way But Loose was allegedly beaten to death by his sometime trainer after filming finished. The idea of Clint and Wilder working together is an intriguing one. Still, it showed his dedication to hard work from the beginning. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Given their limited resources, the AHA only monitors a handful of films shot overseas and only supervises animals during filming, not when they are training for films. Clyde, Clint Eastwood's sidekick in the 1978 box office success Every Which Way But Loose, was played by Manis, a trained orangutan. Theres an overpopulation of captive chimps and a dearth of sanctuaries for the primates. Orang-utans usually give birth to a single young or occasionally twins. Sneak Previews: California Suite, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, Uncle Joe Shannon, Every Which Way But Loose, Pinocchio, Palomino Nightclub - 6907 Lankershim Boulevard, North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA. As a result, rescue centers are overrun with more than a thousand orangutans, according to the 2020 report by Borneo Futures and Wildlife Impact. Would he? Commenting on our attitudes to animals and our failure to maintain their welfare. These animals can sniff it out. Sites he contributes to include The Vintage News, Art Knews Magazine and The Hollywood News. This fabled orchid breeder loves to chat just not about Trader Joes orchids, Best coffee city in the world? The original Clyde is the one who was beaten by the trainers and killed. Every Which Way but Loose , How did Manis the orangutan die? Paint Your Wagonlobby card (Photo Credit: Paramount Pictures & MovieStillsDB). Not according to biology or history. the Orangutan. According to the AHA website, two chimps were used to portray the character of Chim-Chim (who performed such feats as driving a golf cart in the movie), and a trainer hit a chimp during a training session in front of a representative of the AHA. Put down that gun now! In the first movie Every Which Way But Loose, the orangutan called Clyde was actually played by Manis, a trained ape that worked with a trainer out of Las Vegas. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography, http://www.coolasscinema.com/2015/03/an-interview-with-makeup-effects-artist.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Manis_(orangutan)&oldid=1016436975, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 April 2021, at 04:52. This article about a film actor is a stub. Can you imagine Eastwood enjoying a spot of transcendental meditation? An infant rides on its mother and sleeps in her nest until it is able to survive on its own. [3] Doubt has been cast on these claims by makeup effects artist William Munns. (Photo Credit: FPG/Archive Photos/Getty Images). He died soon after of a cerebral hemorrhage. We use cookies to analyse how visitors use our website and to help us provide the best possible experience for users. Most Bornean orangutans are now found in Kalimantan, especially along the east coast. Male orang-utans can tip the scales at 90 kg, while females weigh between 30-50 kg. They give birth at most once every 5 years, and the interval between babies can be as long as 10 years. Orangutans are the only primate in which this biological phenomenon occurs. Heres why each season begins twice. This was an old-timey Western but one with a difference it was also a musical, based on the 1951 production by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe. Top 7 what happened at the end of the french and indian war? He is pursued by a radio-controlled car! Its 1980 sequel, Any Which Way You Can (1980), did not feature Manis, as he had grown too much between productions. As a young man, Clint earned a living in various ways. In the sequel, two orangutans, C.J. as well as other partner offers and accept our, Co Rentmeester /The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty, Keith Von Stein / Center for Great Apes / Getty, Visit Insider's homepage for more stories. Conserving orang-utan habitat:We are working in both Borneo and Sumatra to secure well-managed protected areas and wider forest landscapes connected by corridors. Needless to say, Clint Eastwood singing is a lot like Clint Eastwood talking. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. Promoting sustainable palm oil production:In 2004, WWF helped set up the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. Orang utan under leaf shelter, Sumatra, Indonesia, 1986 Panda Symbol WWF World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund). According to "Visions of Caliban: On Chimpanzees and People" by famed primatologist Jane Goodall and Dale Peterson, the original "Clyde" was trained with a can of mace and a pipe wrapped in. A perfectly normal job for someone to have just an odd role in which to picture the future Man With No Name! The claims in the book actually concern the orangutan used in the second film, not the one that is the subject of this article. Enter your email address to become a reader of this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. . In a documentary produced by People for the Ethical Treatment of . But during that time, swaths of orangutan habitat were converted to oil palm plantations, and no new protected areas were established. about 104,700 (Bornean), 13,846 (Sumatran), 800 (Tapanuli) Scientific Name. As well as being a chart-topper (via Bar Room Buddies from Bronco Billy with Merle Haggard), he also produced and directed the movie adaptation of Jersey Boys in 2014. But smarts alone aren't enough. Error Can not Get Tweets, Incorrect account info. The majority of wild populations are located outside of protected areas, in forests that are exploited for timber production or are in the process of being converted to agriculture. Females first reproduce between 10-15 years of age. Yost did not respond to a call or e-mail. They brought in a new orangutan named Buddha, and a new trainer. Otherwise, it will go unnoticed.. and Buddha, shared the role. Ma Boggs: How the hell do I know? Caption: A view over the palm oil Intertwining branches and vines blocking sun rays in this dense tropical forest. Some of the reporting of this in the LA Times was confused, however, mixing up what the book actually claims, perhaps partly because the book itself mis-titles the second film as Every Which Way You Can instead of Any Which Way You Can. He has written seven books on his exploits helping animals, also on social history and a book on the war horses of World War One. Seeing C.J sitting in the staff lounge with coffee and cigar in hand was not an edifying or humorous experience nor was the submissive reactions to the trainers commands. The original Clyde is the one who was beaten by the trainers and killed. Answering students questions at the Oxford Union in 2013, he said hed visited Newcastle, where: everybody told me the beer might make me go blind but I tried a few and they were good. Abusing animals for entertainment is pure showmanship. Clint Eastwood with his arm around Manis the orangutan who has sunglasses on in a scene from the film Any Which Way But Loose, 1978. The orangutan who played Clyde alongside Clint Eastwood's Philo Beddoe in the original beat-em-up fantasy, Every Which Way But Loose (1978), may be one of the organutans currently laboring under significant discipline in a nightclub slapstick comedy act in Las Vegas. Manis was a trained orangutan that played Clyde as Clint Eastwood's sidekick in the 1978 box office hit Every Which Way But Loose. The 15-year-old orangutan was comatose and near death when he was brought to the Dallas Zoo from the Texas Safari, a wildlife park in Clinton, Texas, in January. The encounter with C.J gave me the firm belief that it was not acceptable to train animals for our entertainment and there was something very wrong with forcibly humanising animals in this way, particularly apes, which after all are more like us than most other creatures and do not deserveto be belittled in this way. They spend more time in trees. He was after the role of Charles Lindbergh in The Spirit Of Saint Louis Wilder finished the movie in 1957, with James Stewart as aviator Lindbergh. Audiences knew Clint Eastwood as the man who herded cattle in Rawhide and rode horses in a bunch of Westerns. The documentary will show the relationship that caring keepers have with animals, Argo said, commenting that the relationship between Whitehouse and the ape is 'extraordinary.'. Caught it for the first time on video. The Reason Muhammad Ali Refused To Fight And Lost His Heavyweight Title, Police arrest a 72-year-old suburban grandfather suspected of being the Golden State Killer, Im not dead yet: some Buddhist monks followed self-mummification, Project Azorian: Howard Hughes secret mission, 1960s U.S. satellite that started transmitting again in 2013, The Walk of Shame in Game of Thrones historical inspiration, The only unsolved skyjacking case in U.S. history might have a break, Kurt Gdel became too paranoid to eat and died of starvation, Little Ease: One of the most feared torture devices in the Tower of London, The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, Walt Disney softened the original Snow White story. Baecklers consortium later sued Amazing Animal Actors and as part of the settlement, its proprietor, Sid Yost, agreed to retire his chimps. Photograph by Tim Laman, Nature Picture Library. In some cases it has, as filmmakers like Peter Jackson are opting for animatronic apes or actors in ape suits. All three species of orangutans in IndonesiaBornean, Sumatran, and Tapanuliare critically endangered. Though it was obviously aimed for the redneck, teenage drive-in crowd, the stellar performance of Clyde raises this to the level of an art house flick. A lot of punching and kicking, and the use of the ugly stick, a sawed-off broom handle, to beat the chimps. Woody: [seeing the gun] Alright lady put down that gun now! The fine no longer really reflects the seriousness of the crime.. -- Strangelv (talk) 02:37, 13 December 2007 (UTC)Reply[reply], According to the Wikiproject Biography project page: "The Biography WikiProject concerns the creation, development, and organization of Wikipedia's articles about persons (including but not limited to biographies). We also help to rescue orang-utans from traders. Near the end of filming the sequel Any Which Way You Can, the orangutan, Clydes Trainer/Abuser FINALLY Punished Film|Boards. Manis was the trained orangutan that played Clyde, Clint Eastwood's sidekick from the 1978 box office hit Every Which Way But Loose. John Brookland is an animal welfarist, and amateur historian. To empty the centersit was never possible to meet that goal, given intake rates., During the 2021 global climate summit, in Glasgow, Scotlanddays after more than a hundred countries pledged to end deforestation by 2030Indonesias environment minister, Siti Nurbaya Bakar, tweeted that business development should not be stopped in the name of carbon emissions or in the name of deforestation.. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. The rest comprises young leaves and shoots, insects, soil, tree bark, woody lianas, and occasionally eggs and small vertebrates. I GENERALLY dont want to be in any club that includes Pamela Anderson, which is part of the reason Im often skeptical about PETA causes. Were a nonprofit. Its 1980 sequel, Any Which Way You Can (1980), did not feature Manis, as he had grown too much between productions. This makes orang-utan populations highly vulnerable to excessive mortality, and means that populations take a long time to recover from population declines. In the sequel, two orangutans, C.J. In the sequel, two orangutans, C.J. All are critically endangered, but no one has ever received the maximum penalty for killing or trading orangutans. Clyde's owners adored him but lacked the space to give him much more than a tiny cage in their garage, where he spent 45 years alone. Steve Palace is a writer, journalist and comedian from the UK. This summer Speed Racer became one of the only films in recent history to earn an unacceptable rating from the American Humane Assn., the group that monitors the use of animals in films. Top 9 what geographic features of greece encouraged the independence of greek city-states? Anyway, I have corrected the article, but no doubt a reference to the book needs to be added, but I don't know how to do that, so I'm leaving a note here. Your email address will not be published. It includes only articles about individual persons, not about an organization or group or association, unless a substantial section of the article is a biography of a person related to that organization or group. Manis was the trained orangutan that played Clyde, Clint Eastwood's sidekick from the 1978 box office hit Every Which Way But Loose. If this is the case, we may have Manis credited for the wrong movie. I saw a lot of physical violence. Primarily Primates is home for about 350 primates and various other species of other mammals and birds. Animals need consistency. The bottom line is: [Chimps] are super strong and super curious and super smart, and the amount of control that the trainers require to keep them paying attention and not misbehaving -- its too much to be able to do with love and kisses. Should we be worried? In contrast, between 2005 and 2014, Indonesian authorities conducted 619 investigations into tiger poaching and convicted more than 90 percent of suspected poachers and traders. People are not deterred from [owning or trading orangutans] again by surrendering the animal, Sherman says. Analysis of conservation strategies suggests that protecting and patrolling orangutan habitat are the most effective ways to save the species, according to a November 2021 paper she co-authored. Please consider to SUBSCRIBE:https://www.youtube.com/c/WildCiencia. Los Angeles, Review: Operation Fortune: Ruse de guerre is classic Guy Ritchie and not in a good way, Review: The teen drama Palm Trees and Power Lines tells a searing story of abuse, Review: The documentary Ithaka attempts a difficult defense of Julian Assange, Jonathan Majors dubs Michael B. Jordan Michael B. Handsome at Walk of Fame ceremony, Review: Natural beauty and a touching ecological tale center the female-forward Blueback. The video was narrated by Anjelica Huston, who recently sent it to all the studios, along with a letter asking them to stop using the animals. (Photo Credit: Tom Lyons/Mirrorpix/Getty Images), One story that goes around about Clint Eastwood concerns his liking for Newcastle Brown Ale. Though were not saying he cant carry a tune, as this scene from Rawhide demonstrates. She said he stayed on his back for weeks after arriving at the zoo, but that she eventually managed to coax him to walk, and later to climb, by placing his favorite foods slightly out of his reach. The red-furred, long-armed ape that shares 97% of the same DNA as humans are only found in the wild in Southeast Asia. The orang who played Clyde in the second film died of a cerebral haemorrhage shortly . In a documentary produced by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), it was alleged that Manis was beaten on the set by his trainer to keep him docile. . the Orangutan. His short fiction has been published as part of the Iris Wildthyme range from Obverse Books, linkedin.com/in/steve-palace-91399144/?originalSubdomain=uk, Join 1000s of subscribers and receive the best Vintage News in your mailbox for FREE, in conversation with Michael Parkinson in 2003, Clint Eastwood The Quintessential Cowboy who was Allergic to Horses. The reason for this is simple, says Vincent Nijman, of Oxford Brookes University, in the U.K., who has studied the orangutan trade: Indonesias government, like others around the world, has decided that wildlife is not on the top of their list of priorities. By what name was Every Which Way but Loose (1978) officially released in India in English? You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. CJ, the second orangutan, was eventually sold to the Dallas Zoo by another trainer from Gentle Jungle. TRAINERS need to get the chimps early, because after the age of 8 or so, the animals are too strong to be used safely in showbiz. With your support, and Buddha, shared the role. However, even these populations are under threat due to ongoing habitat loss. Its 1980 sequel, Any Which Way You Can (1980), did not feature Manis, as the "child actor" had grown too much between productions. Orangutans in Sumatra could be the first great ape to go extinct. Get our L.A. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography [emphasis mine], Therefore I don't think that this talk page should have a biography tag. That was a film my agent and everyone else begged me not to do Eastwood said, in conversation with Michael Parkinson in 2003. Karen Rosa, the director of the AHAs Film and Television Unit, argues that chimps should be with their mothers for the first five years, and doesnt believe the animals should be made to perform before the age of 18 months. and Buddha, shared the role. Filming largely took place in trenches near Toretsk, which at the time was at the epicenter of the fighting in the region. 'Zoos no longer want to breed subspecific hybrids,' Swett said. Eastwood mentioned to Entertainment Weekly (as highlighted by Slate) that the story was changed in tone to make it fluffy. While he lost interest, he had few qualms about singing on camera: My dad was a singer and wed have sing-arounds. Its 1980 sequel, Any Which Way You Can (1980), did not feature Manis, as he had grown too much between productions. Top 8 what international event led to the red scare? The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. But behind the public perception lies a man like any other. Given the confusion I've seen, though, I can't rule out the possibility of it being the other way around. See production, box office & company info, [the Black Widows have shown up at Philo's home, Ma Boggs is on the porch, they pull their bikes into her yard and Cholla pulls up on the porch], [seeing the flaming bikes on her lawn to herself]. Its very similar to an abusive human relationship. In the sequel, two orangutans, C.J. What did Disney actually lose from its Florida battle with DeSantis? Top 9 what invention increased the need for slaves in the south? 175.32.221.98 (talk) 03:06, 7 April 2021 (UTC)Reply[reply]. By the time of the sequel, Any Which Way You Can, Manis had grown up and had to be replaced. Yet some persist. The Chronicle writes that fans of the product included Dirty Harry star Clint Eastwood who said it was his favourite beer.. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. 'NOT Pumpkin. . WWF staff member Installing camera trap in Tesso Nilo national park, Indonesia. To make the assumption that when they leave the set, they will treat the animals differently is not something we do. Every Which Way but Loose, directed by James Fargo in 1978, cast Clint as truck driver Philo. Does one of the ultimate American movie cowboys really rate this famous drink from north east England? C.J stared mournfully into my eyes and gave me a kiss and from that moment I have always been convinced that you can tell an animals state of well-being by the look in its eyes. When the officer falls down at the lake and lands face-to-face with the rattlesnake, the glass separating the actor and rattlesnake is clearly visible. [Cholla chains his bike to a support on the front porch, pulling it down bikers laugh, Ma pulls out a pump-action shotgun]. (Photo Credit: Bettmann/Contributor). The explosive-laden toy nearly ends Harrys career before retirement, in a frantic yet bizarre chase sequence. Their powerful arms are stronger and longer than their legs, and their hands can touch their ankles when they stand. Cholla: [the Black Widows have shown up at Philo's home, Ma Boggs is on the porch, they pull their bikes into her yard and Cholla pulls up on the porch] Say, old lady, where's Philo Beddoe?
